http://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk:80 The DSpace digital repository system captures, stores, indexes, preserves, and distributes digital research material. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 01:04:15 GMT 2012-02-09T01:04:15Z http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5807 Title: UK Innovation Potential in Advanced Water Treatment: Future Directions & Strategy II Authors: Schäfer, Andrea; Duncan, Diane; Ponton, George; Bower, Matt; Jensen, Hans; Bishop, Konrad; Bernard, Ian; Thomas, Kerry; Hughes, Gordon Abstract: During the workshop, three sessions were assigned to allow six interdisciplinary groups to explore fourteen questions. Detailed responses can be found in the attachment. From the discussions a number of key issues from each of the three sessions: The first set of questions explored what the features might be of a Technology Demonstration Site, who would use it, what services it should offer, its location and how it might be funded and operated. A long list of users emerged from those who would want to undertake testing to those who would wish to access data and peer review findings e.g. the international investment/development community. It emerged that services required are available, but not in a form that is focused on water technologies, and the expertise to support innovation in the sector is scattered across a range of national silos. A hub and spoke structure was suggested by most of the groups. There was recognition that a facility could represent an opportunity to promote the sector’s work to a national and international audience. Plug, Play & Pay usage of facilities with access to the appropriate raw water source(s) were key elements for success. The lack of a facility to deliver innovation is seen as a market failure and government intervention therefore appropriate, but any centre should also be industry/demand driven. Industry must therefore be part of the funding mechanism. A second set of questions considered the role of advanced water technologies in delivering water security and sustainability in both the UK and internationally. Almost all the groups highlighted the need for easily maintained, chemical free, low energy using or renewable energy creating technologies, with the capability to remove high levels of micro-pollutants. The groups also explored how water quality affected security and what technologies were needed to address security issues. The Research and Development Framework was the subject of the final question in this session and participants discussed what the water sector could do to contribute more effectively – engagement and taking a leadership role emerged as being key. A final set of questions considered the global markets that might stimulate advanced water technology development in the UK and the mechanisms to stimulate these markets. The knowledge around current business support offerings was collated during this session. The groups were also asked to consider what new or additional support was needed to realise the economic benefits of global market. As identified in a previous workshop, water innovation is not being driven in a coherent fashion. There are current examples of technology research being funded where the technology already exists. There is therefore an opportunity for coordinated effort and ensure that the UK’s knowledge base is fully exploited. Strong leadership is now required to muster industry and academia (including the supply chain and our research intensive SMEs who are clearly already major innovation drivers). The UK needs to foster closer relationships with international networks and a focused UK advanced water innovation network may provide a lens through which UK capability can be viewed by the international investment community. Description: Workshop report from UK Innovation Potential in Advanced Water Treatment: Future Directions & Strategy. The 2nd Participatory Workshop Program held at the James Clerk Maxwell Building (JCMB), Teaching Studio 3217 on Tuesday 6th December 2011. King’s Buildings, Edinburgh University Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5807 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5806 Title: Freshwater Scottish loch settlements of the late medieval and early modern periods; with particular reference to northern Stirlingshire, central and northern Perthshire, northern Angus, Loch Awe and Loch Lomond Authors: Shelley, Matthew James Hamilton Abstract: Freshwater loch settlements were a feature of society, indeed the societies, which inhabited what we now call Scotland during the prehistoric and historic periods. Considerable research has been carried out into the prehistoric and early historic origins and role of artificial islands, commonly known as crannogs. However archaeologists and historians have paid little attention to either artificial islands, or loch settlements more generally, in the Late Medieval or Early Modern periods. This thesis attempts to open up the field by examining some of the physical, chorographic and other textual evidence for the role of settled freshwater natural, artificial and modified islands during these periods. It principally concentrates on areas of central Scotland but also considers the rest of the mainland. It also places the evidence in a broader British, Irish and European context. The results indicate that islands fulfilled a wide range of functions as secular and religious settlements. They were adopted by groups from different cultural backgrounds and provided those exercising lordship with the opportunity to exercise a degree of social detachment while providing a highly visible means of declaring their authority. This thesis also argues that loch settlements were not a lingering hangover from the past, as some have suggested, but a vibrant part of contemporary culture which remained strong until the latter half of the seventeenth century before going into final decline and disappearing as a significant social phenomenon. Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5806 2009-06-30T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5805 Title: Analysis of the production, content, distribution, and reception of Karunamayudu (1978), an Indian Jesus film Authors: Friesen, Dwight Henry Abstract: In this study I analyse the thirty-year journey of Karunamayudu (1978), an Indian Jesus film, from its production to its recent reception. Drawing on a combination of historical and empirical data I explore questions such as: What religious traditions and experiences have informed Karunamayudu's production, content, distribution and reception? How has this film been appropriated by distributors, producers, and viewers? And how does such an understanding of the history of Karunamayudu (1978), arguably India's best-known Jesus film, contribute to our understanding of the tangled relationship between film, religion, and theology? In the first chapter I demonstrate how this study contributes to gaps in the existing scholarship on film, religion, and theology, Jesus in film, and religion in Indian cinema. In the second chapter I provide a rationale for the methodologies I employed. The third and fourth chapters address the production history and context of the film, and the fifth is a review of the film itself. In chapters six and seven I discuss the distribution and reception of the film, respectively, and in the eighth and concluding eighth chapter I reflect on the implications of this account for ongoing scholarship in the field of film, religion, and theology. Tue, 29 Jun 2010 23:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5805 2010-06-29T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5804 Title: Embedding a civic engagement dimension within the higher education curriculum: a study of policy, process and practice in Ireland. Authors: Boland, Josephine Anne Abstract: As the civic role of higher education attracts renewed critical attention, the idea of engagement has come to the fore. Civic engagement, as espoused in many institutional missions, encompasses a diversity of goals, strategies and activities. Latterly, these have included particular approaches to teaching and learning. This research examines the process of embedding a civic engagement dimension within the higher education curriculum in Ireland. I use the term ‘pedagogy for civic engagement’as a generic term for a range of academic practices –variously referred to as ‘service learning’or ‘community based learning’–which share an explicit civic focus. Academic practice serves as the central focus with attention to pertinent aspects of the prevailing context. Using a multi-site case study conducted in the spirit of naturalistic enquiry, I examine four cases of this curriculum innovation, drawn from the university and institute of technology sectors in Ireland, with unstructured interviews and documents as the main sources of data. I interrogate the underpinning rationale for ‘pedagogy for civic engagement’–as gleaned from the literature, the policy context and the case studies –exploring implicit conceptions in relation to knowledge, curriculum, civil society, community and the purpose of higher education. The study draws its empirical data from those responsible for implementing this pedagogy –the ‘embedders’–and a range of other actors. Interviews were carried out with academic staff, project directors, educational developers, academic managers and leaders. Key actors from the national policy context and from the international field of civic engagement also participated in the study. Four orientations to civic engagement are identified, revealing the multifaceted rationale. I explore the process of operationalising the pedagogy and the factors impacting on academics’capacity and willingness to embed it. While the study does not directly examine the experience of students and community partners their role within the process, as perceived by academic staff and others, is problematised. The implications of the putative unresolved epistemology of this pedagogy are explored in light of how participants conceive of and practice it. Academics’ambivalence about the place of values in higher education emerges as a theme and the issue of agency recurs. I explore how the pedagogy may be conceived of in terms of the teaching, research and service roles of academics and consider how it may be positioned within an institution. Opportunities for alignment are identified at a number of levels from constructive alignment within the curriculum to alignment with national strategic priorities. I explore the unrealised potential of the Irish National Framework of Qualifications –specifically the ‘insight’dimension –as a means of enabling and legitimising the pedagogy, in light of the prominence afforded to the principle of subsidiarity in Irish higher education policy. The localised way in which these practices have been adopted and adapted underlines the significance of context and culture. ‘Pedagogy for civic engagement’as a concept and as a practice challenges a range of assumptions and traditional practices, raising fundamental questions regarding the role and purpose of higher education –and not just in contemporary Ireland. Sun, 29 Jun 2008 23:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5804 2008-06-29T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5803 Title: Use of experimental archaeology to examine and interpret Pre-Pottery Neolithic architecture: a case study of Beidha in southern Jordan Authors: Dennis, Samantha Jo Abstract: Many significant cultural transitions, including the beginnings of sedentism, domestication, and farming, are thought to have taken place during the Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPN) in southern Jordan. The settlement sites of this period (often referred to as the first villages) are rich in architectural remains, and this evidence is frequently used to support hypotheses on the degree of sedentism and how societies were structured. This research reexamines these issues through the construction, maintenance, destruction and decay of four experimental reconstructions built between 2001 and 2006 at the PPNB site of Beidha. The results of the experiments provide a more intimate understanding of PPNB architecture, including prehistoric construction methods and techniques, maintenance costs, spatial organisation, and post-abandonment events. The results also contributed to the conservation and presentation of early prehistoric sites to the public. Wed, 25 Nov 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5803 2009-11-25T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5802 Title: Coordinating speech-related eye movements between comprehension and production Authors: Kreysa, Helene Abstract: Although language usually occurs in an interactive and world-situated context (Clark, 1996), most research on language use to date has studied comprehension and production in isolation. This thesis combines research on comprehension and production, and explores the links between them. Its main focus is on the coordination of visual attention between speakers and listeners, as well as the influence this has on the language they use and the ease with which they understand it. Experiment 1 compared participants’ eye movements during comprehension and production of similar sentences: in a syntactic priming task, they first heard a confederate describe an image using active or passive voice, and then described the same kind of picture themselves (cf. Branigan, Pickering, & Cleland, 2000). As expected, the primary influence on eye movements in both tasks was the unfolding sentence structure. In addition, eye movements during target production were affected by the structure of the prime sentence. Eye movements in comprehension were linked more loosely with speech, reflecting the ongoing integration of listeners’ interpretations with the visual context and other conceptual factors. Experiments 2-7 established a novel paradigm to explore how seeing where a speaker was looking during unscripted production would facilitate identification of the objects they were describing in a photographic scene. Visual coordination in these studies was created artificially through an on-screen cursor which reflected the speaker’s original eye movements (cf. Brennan, Chen, Dickinson, Neider, & Zelinsky, 2007). A series of spatial and temporal manipulations of the link between cursor and speech investigated the respective influences of linguistic and visual information at different points in the comprehension process. Implications and potential future applications are discussed, as well as the relevance of this kind of visual cueing to the processing of real gaze in face-to-face interaction. Thu, 26 Nov 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5802 2009-11-26T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5801 Title: This side of the ploughshares: concepts of covenant and repentance in Paul Ramsey’s political theology Authors: Hollowell, Adam Edward Abstract: When it comes to moral political endeavors, the good eventually achieved is never identical to the good initially pursued. This is true if for no other reason than the fact that time passes with every new political moment. We move from goods intended to goods achieved. At the same time such movement is not simply a product of the temporal character of our lives. Occupying a middle ground between accounts of human agency as wholly determined or wholly ambiguous there is a sense in which any exercise of the will is fundamentally indeterminate. Said more simply, we are contingent beings. Thus, while it may be possible to speak conceptually of a determinate or atemporal political good, the possibility of a moral political endeavor – that is, a purposive movement toward some political good – rests upon the inescapably contingent and temporal character of our lives. If political endeavors are never entirely under (or out of) our control and always take shape temporally then it is important to insist that the discrepancy between intended goods and actual goods need not be interpreted negatively. That is to say, the indeterminate character of our moral lives need not be seen as a tragic disruption to what would otherwise be seamless political existence. Rather, the indeterminacy is a deliberate (read: good) feature of created existence in time. This allows for recognition of a structure to political morality. Agents seize the opportunity afforded by contingency to pursue identified political goods with purpose and direction. At the same time moral pursuits are always highly conditioned by contingencies of delimited authority, responsibilities of representation, demands of process, etc. The constantly changing political landscape perpetually requires both reactive and anticipatory adjustments of the political good in sight. If contingency and temporality shape and limit any political pursuit of the good, then a chief task of political theology is to illuminate the theological significance of those features of created existence. Political theology bears the burden of articulating the divine origin and purpose of the structures which make political morality possible. In this way contingency comes into view not as an incidental feature of humanity but as the gift of a good creator making possible faithful creaturely response. Similarly, political goods take shape not merely in time but in a particular time between creation and eschaton. This thesis is a study in the theological significance of indeterminacy and temporality in the pursuit of political goods by way of an analysis of the political writings of 20th century moral theologian Paul Ramsey. His reflections on the unique moral structure of political actions provide the theological and analytical resources to animate such a study. Close attention to his work pursues an understanding of how theological language describes, interprets and accounts for the nature of political morality and the function that such descriptions have in defining and shaping concepts of the political good. Thu, 26 Nov 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5801 2009-11-26T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5800 Title: Governing education policy in a globalising world : the sphere of authority of the Pakistani State Authors: Ali, Sajid Abstract: This thesis explores the degree of independent action possible by national governments in deciding their education policies – in other words, what may be termed their sphere of authority (SoA) – in the context of globalisation; whereby Pakistan, perhaps more than many nation states, is subject to a variety of geopolitical and economic pressures. This issue is explored through a study of the recent education policy review process in Pakistan that resulted in a White Paper: ‘Education in Pakistan’ in 2007. In exploring the SoA of the government of Pakistan in deciding its education policy priorities, key areas of enquiry include the tensions between national and global interests and their attempted discursive management by the government of Pakistan. The research uses Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) as its main methodological resource and looks at two kinds of textual data: interviews with key policy actors and selected policy texts. The methodology of CDA draws attention to the fact that texts are embedded within linguistic, discursive and structural contexts, and that these contexts provide resources that are mobilized by different actors. The textual data resources were analysed to see how language shapes the construction of the White Paper; what discourses are being drawn upon and contested in the articulation of the White Paper and thus what broad power structures shape the White Paper and illustrate the SoA of the government of Pakistan. The findings suggest that the policy review process as illustrated by the White Paper reveals various tensions caused by differences between global and national education policy interests. These tensions are visible in the style and genre of policy; the pursuit of global policy prescriptions; trends to privatization of provision; and disputes over the issue of language and about the ideological principles that should inform educational provision. The research suggests that inclusive and ‘soft’ governance discourse along with a process of consultation were used by the government in an attempt to manage these tensions. The expertise with which the government designed the consultation process and deployed discursive resources sought to establish and maintain its SoA. Thu, 26 Nov 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5800 2009-11-26T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5799 Title: Rebels and slaves: reinterpreting the first Sicilian slave war Authors: Morton, Peter Charles Francis Abstract: This thesis seeks to rethink the history of the First Sicilian Slave War in the second century B.C. by reassessing the main literary source for the conflict, Diodorus Siculus, and introducing numismatic evidence for the conflict as a corrective to his testimony. Diodorus’ narrative of the First Sicilian Slave War is discussed, and found to be a composite of two different narratives, each of which stresses different aspects about the First Sicilian Slave War. It is suggested that Diodorus combined the two narratives together in order to create his own, and that this knowledge allows us to read between the lines of his history and understand the history that lies behind it better. A case study of Diodorus’ literary skills is presented, which discusses the ancient literary stereotypes and topoi that he used to describe the two leaders of the First Sicilian Slave War: Eunus/King Antiochus and Cleon. The conclusion reached is that Diodorus’ descriptions of Eunus and Cleon, of a charlatan magician and a bandit herdsman respectively, achieved literary aims, and were not historical descriptions and cannot be used as such. As a way around the difficulties presented by Diodorus, a detailed study of the coinage of Eunus/King Antiochus is provided in order to assess how he wanted himself to be seen. This concludes that the coinage of Eunus/King Antiochus does not support the evidence of Diodorus about the First Sicilian Slave War, and that another understanding of the conflict must be considered: that it was not a slave rebellion, but a rebellion against Roman rule on Sicily. Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5799 2009-06-30T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5798 Title: “No longer Merchants, but Sovereigns of a vast Empire”: the writings of Sir John Malcolm and British India, 1810 to 1833 Authors: Harrington, Jack Henry Lewis Abstract: This thesis analyses the works of Sir John Malcolm (1769-1833) as key texts in the intellectual history of the formation of British India. It is concerned less with Malcolm's widely acknowledged role as a leading East India Company administrator and more with the unparalleled range of influential books that he wrote on imperial and Asian topics between 1810 and his death in 1833. Through the publication of nine major works, numerous pamphlets and articles and a few volumes of poetry, Malcolm established his reputation as an authority in three major areas. Firstly, the Sketch of the Political History of India (1811) and the posthumously published Life of Robert Lord Clive (1836) remained major sources on the history of the founding of the British empire in India for much of the nineteenth century. Through these histories, he wove the anxieties of the Company's solider-diplomats of the early nineteenth into the narrative of the Company's rise as an imperial power. With the History of the Sikhs (1810) and, to a far greater extent, the History of Persia (1815), Malcolm sealed his reputation as a path-finding orientalist making an early contribution to European knowledge of India's north-west frontier. Lastly, Malcolm's Memoir of Central India (1823), which analysed the history of the region from the rise of the Marathas to the British conquest in 1818, is one of the most sophisticated and politically significant examples of British efforts to construct an Indian past that accounted for British imperial control in the present. This study's detailed examination of his works provides an invaluable insight into how British imperial mentalities in the period before 1857 were shaped by the interplay between trends and events in India and Britain on the one hand and the competing historiographical and political traditions current among British imperial administrators on the other. It demonstrates that British thinking on India was far from unified and was often characterised less by a desire to formulate an ideology for rule – even if this was its eventual effect – and more by bitter divisions between imperial administrators. Malcolm's need to counter the arguments of his opponents among the Court of Directors in the decade after Governor General Wellesley's departure in 1806 and his resistance to more radical commentators on India like James Mill in the 1820s, shaped his writing. Malcolm's influence and the range of topics he wrote about make him an ideologue of empire and a pioneer of British orientalism and the historiography of British India. Malcolm's body of works is the most comprehensive and prominent example of how the British responded intellectually to their empire in India in the generation after the Trial of Warren Hastings and before the first Anglo-Afghan war. Wed, 25 Nov 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5798 2009-11-25T00:00:00Z